We would like to ensure that you are still receiving content that you find useful – please confirm that you would like to continue to receive ILO newsletters.
20 February 2018
Introduction
Facts
Federal Court decision
Comment
Section 126 of the Evidence Act 1950 imposes a legal obligation on all solicitors to protect and keep confidential any information obtained from their clients, including any legal advice that has been proffered.
The significance of the legal professional privilege afforded to clients has long been recognised and it is well settled that this privilege is absolute and remains so until expressly waived by the privilege holder (ie, the client).
However, as much as the importance of this privilege is understood and embraced, it may still have come as a surprise when the Federal Court in Tan Chong Kean v Yeoh Tai Chuan(1) decided that a breach of this privilege by solicitors could entail a legal action against said solicitors.
This no doubt imposes a more stringent obligation on solicitors to uphold the confidentiality duty owed to their clients. At the same time, it is advantageous to the public at large because, in addition to lodging a complaint with a disciplinary board, clients now have a legal avenue to pursue in the event that their solicitor breaches this privilege.
This update examines Tan Chong Kean and the reasoning behind the Federal Court's ruling.
The plaintiff commenced an action in the high court against the defendants (partners in a legal firm), alleging breach of their responsibility as solicitors under Section 126.
The breach arose from the disclosure of a trust deed by the defendants, which they had prepared based on the plaintiff's instruction. The plaintiff had not paid legal fees to the defendants for the trust deed or other works done.
The trust deed was disclosed by the defendants when disputing a monetary claim against them to seek indemnity from the plaintiff by way of a third-party notice in relation to the unpaid legal fees.
The high court decided in the plaintiff's favour.
The defendants appealed to the Court of Appeal, which reversed the high court's decision. Among others things, the Court of Appeal allowed the appeal on the following grounds:
Among other things, the full bench was faced with two paramount leave questions:
First leave question
The full bench agreed with the plaintiff's submissions that Section 126 is not a mere rule of evidence but a principle of fundamental justice.
It has been a longstanding principle in common law that the public must have access to the justice system and be guaranteed protection for all solicitor-client communication.
Hence, the full bench unanimously ruled that a breach of such fundamental principle must entitle an aggrieved party to commence an action, including a request for an injunction to safeguard confidentiality of the solicitor-client communication.
Second leave question
The full bench held that it was unnecessary for the plaintiff to disclose the contents of the trust deed in his pleadings, as to do so would have been construed as him having abandoned his privilege.
As such, it was sufficient that the plaintiff merely mentioned in his pleadings those documents which he claimed were covered by legal professional privilege in order to sustain his cause of action.
Thus, the plaintiff's appeal was upheld with costs.
Tan Chong Kean has not only reiterated the importance of legal professional privilege, but also served as the main impetus for its strict compliance and practice allowing clients to pursue litigation claims against their solicitors.
After all, it is a fundamental condition on which the administration of justice rests.
For further information on this topic please contact Gan Khong Aik at Gan Partnership by telephone (+603 2201 1130) or email (khongaik@ganlaw.my). The Gan Partnership website can be accessed at www.ganlaw.my
Endnotes
The materials contained on this website are for general information purposes only and are subject to the disclaimer.
ILO is a premium online legal update service for major companies and law firms worldwide. In-house corporate counsel and other users of legal services, as well as law firm partners, qualify for a free subscription.
Author